Review of Biological Fertilizers and Biotechnological Approaches for Sustainable Agriculture: Reducing Chemical Pesticide Dependency

This study explores the role of biological fertilizers and biotechnological approaches in sustainable agriculture, focusing on reducing chemical pesticide dependency. Conventional agriculture’s reliance on chemical inputs has led to environmental issues such as soil degradation and water contamination. Biological fertilizers, including rhizobial inoculants and mycorrhizal fungi, enhance soil fertility and plant health sustainably. Additionally, biotechnological innovations like genetically modified crops and microbial consortia improve pest resistance, significantly reducing pesticide use. By reviewing recent studies (۲۰۲۰–۲۰۲۴) from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, this research highlights the effectiveness of these approaches in minimizing chemical inputs. While promising, further studies are needed to assess their long-term impacts and feasibility, particularly in developing regions.

کلیدواژه ها:

biological fertilizers ، biotechnology ، sustainable agriculture ، Chemical Pesticide