Comprehensive Review of Schiff Base Sulphonamides: Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Marketed Applications

This comprehensive review explores Schiff base sulfonamide compounds, emphasizing their FDA-approved applications and diverse synthetic pathways. Sulfonamides which arecharacterized by the functional group (R-SO۲-NH۲), show significant antimicrobial activity by inhibiton microorganism growth. The review discusses the synthesis of sulfonamide derivatives, highlighting the importance of the amino group in maintaining biological activity. It also examines the structural aspects and market availability of various sulfonamide-containing drugs used to treate infections, including combinations with trimethoprim for enhanced efficacy against opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. The mechanisms of resistance, particularly through the overproduction of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) by bacteria, are discussed, along with the role of E. coli strains in sulfonamide resistance. Recent advancements in medicinal chemistry have revealed the extensive biological applications of sulfonamides, including their antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. The review concludes with a summary of recent synthetic methodologies for Schiff base sulfonamides and their potential biological activities, illustrating the critical role of these compounds in pharmaceutical development.

کلیدواژه ها:

antibacterial ، Antifungal ، anti-inflammatory ، Anticancer