Probiotic Strategies for Detoxification of AFM۱ in Skim Milk Using Bifidobacterium Lactis and Streptococcus Thermophiles

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Bifidobacterium lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus, both independently and in combination, in detoxifying skim milk contaminated with aflatoxin M۱ (AFM۱). To achieve this, two concentrations of the bacteria (۸ and ۱۰ log CFU/mL) were inoculated into skimmed milk contaminated with three levels of AFM۱ (۰.۱, ۰.۲۵, and ۰.۵ μg/mL) and incubated at two different temperatures (۴ and ۴۲ °C). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to measure the removal percentage of AFM۱ at various intervals (۳۰, ۶۰, ۱۲۰ minutes, and ۲۴ hours). Results indicated a significant time-dependent increase in AFM۱ removal from the skim milk. The removal efficiency of AFM۱ by these bacterial strains ranged from ۱۲% to ۸۷%, influenced by bacterial concentration, incubation time, toxin concentration, and whether the bacteria were used alone or in combination. B. lactis exhibited a superior AFM۱ removal capacity compared to S. thermophilus. The optimal strategy for maximum AFM۱ removal (۸۷%) involved treating contaminated milk spiked with ۰.۵ μg/mL of AFM۱ with a mixture of B. lactis and S. thermophilus at concentrations of ۱۰ and ۸ log CFU/mL, respectively, and incubating at ۴۲ºC for ۲۴ hours. This study suggests a potentially effective method for reducing AFM۱ concentrations in the dairy industry, thereby mitigating public health risks associated with aflatoxin contamination. The implications of these findings could contribute significantly to improving food safety standards and reducing exposure to harmful toxins in dairy products. Further research is recommended to explore the underlying mechanisms of AFM۱ removal by these probiotic strains and to validate these findings under commercial dairy processing conditions.

کلیدواژه ها:

AFM۱ ، Probiotic ، HPLC ، Milk ، Detoxification