Detection of antibiotic residues of Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, and Chlortetracycline in animals' raw milk in Hamedan province, Iran in ۲۰۲۲ using the Four-Plate Test, ELISA, and HPLC techniques

Antibiotic resistance has become a health concern as it is associated with the death of numerous people worldwide. Milk safety is one factor that guarantees the quality of dairy products. This study was designed to determine Tetracycline (TC), Oxytetracycline (OTC), and Chlortetracycline (CTC) residues in raw milk of animals from Hamedan, Iran using a Four-plate test (FPT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. Cross-sectionally over two years, ۲۴۶ unprocessed raw milk samples were taken from dairy farms and milk collection centres of different regions of Hamedan, the western part of Iran. FPT was the first tool for screening the presence of antibiotics. Then, the positive samples were analyzed for antibiotic residue using ELISA. Finally, the HPLC method was applied to determine the type and amount of Tetracycline residues. In the primary evaluation, forty-seven (۱۹.۱۱ %) samples were positive for antimicrobial residues using FPT. ELISA analysis indicated that ۲۹.۷۹ % (۱۴/۴۷) of samples had a level of TCs higher than the maximum residue limit (MRL) suggested by EU (۱۰۰ µg/L). The average TCs residue in positive samples was calculated ۹۸.۴۳±۶.۸۶ µg/L. The lowest and highest levels were ۱۰۰.۵۹ µg/L and ۱۲۹.۵۶ µg/L, respectively. Finally, the average TCs was calculated ۱۰۵.۷۳±۷.۲۵ µg/L (TC=۱۰۰.۶۷, OTC=۱۰۳.۳۸, and CTC=۱۰۷.۱۱ μg/L) using HPLC. The detection of antibiotic residues in animal products highlights the need for monitoring such residues in milk and other animal-origin food products. Training farmers for the correct use of drugs, especially antibiotics, is recommended. A comprehensive protocol for regularly evaluating livestock products is necessary to prevent high-contamination products from entering the production cycle.

کلیدواژه ها:

Milk ، Antibiotic residue ، Tetracycline ، Iran