Thymoquinone alleviates the adverse effects of cyclophosphamide on oogenesis and in vitro fertilization (IVF) in NMRI mice

Objective: Patients undergoing treatment with antineoplastic drugs face numerous challenges. This study investigates the effects of thymoquinone (Tq) in NMRI mice treated with cyclophosphamide (Cph), aiming to enhance patients' optimism for the future by redirecting their focus towards achieving a normal life and restoring fertility after treatment.Materials and Methods: Female NMRI mice were divided into five groups: Control, Sham, Cph-treated (CPH), and two groups treated with Tq alongside Cph (TQ۵ and TQ۱۰). All mice were sacrificed to aspirate their oocytes for further analysis. The development of embryos up to the blastocyst stage was assessed using in vitro fertilization (IVF) with mature oocytes.Results: The Tq treatment groups exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in oocyte degeneration compared to the CPH group. A dose-dependent reduction in the rate of metaphase I maturation arrest was also observed in the TQ groups compared to CPH. Tq significantly increased the number of two-cell and four-cell embryos at ۲۴- and ۴۸-hrs post-fertilization compared to the CPH group. Additionally, Tq treatment resulted in significant dose-dependent increases in catalase levels, while malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels were significantly lower in the TQ groups compared to the CPH groups. Tq-treated groups also demonstrated significant dose-dependent increases in the expression levels of BMP۱۵ and GDF۹ compared to the CPH group.Conclusion: In this study, Tq mitigated oocyte factors expression (GDF۹ and BMP۱۵) and oxidative damage in ovarian tissues following CPH-induced oocyte degeneration in mice.

کلیدواژه ها:

Thymoquinone ، Oocyte quality ، Cyclophosphamide ، Fertilized embryos