Effect of altitude and soil factors on morphological and phytochemical traits of Mentha pulegium L. in different habitats of Kerman province, Iran

In order to investigate the effect of environmental and soil factors on morphological and qualitative characteristics of M. pulegium, research was conducted in five habitats of the species in the Kerman province, Iran in ۲۰۲۲. Plant samples were collected from random quadrats (۱×۱m۲) during the flowering stage in each habitat. Plant samples were taken in the natural habitats of Kerman, Kohbanan, Raver, Zarand, and Chatrood. Collected data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were compared among locations. The results indicated significant diversity among the sites. Altitude significantly influenced essential oil yield and composition. The highest essential oil percentage (۰.۱۹۸%) was observed at Kohbanan (highest altitude), which was ۳۵% higher than Chatrood (lowest altitude, ۰.۱۱۲%). However, Ravar and Kohbanan sites had the highest overall essential oil yields (۲.۷۷% and ۲.۱۳۳%, respectively).he greatest chlorophyll content (۱.۲۶) was recorded at Kohbanan, which was ۴۴% higher than at Ravar.While soil properties like nutrient content and texture were important, altitude had a more pronounced effect on plant quality characteristics. This study demonstrates that altitude is a critical ecological factor influencing the growth and chemical composition of Mentha pulegium. While soil characteristics contribute to plant development, environmental conditions at varying altitudes have a greater impact on essential oil content, chlorophyll levels, and anthocyanin production. These insights are valuable for optimizing pennyroyal cultivation for medicinal or industrial purposes.

کلیدواژه ها:

Anthocyanin ، Pennyroyal ، Percentage of Essential oil ، Medicinal plants