Treatment of Lung Cancer Using Magnetic Nanoparticles Hyperthermia: Simulation-Based Study and Cardiac Thermal Safety

Magnetic hyperthermia is an emerging, minimally invasive modality for targeted cancer therapy, utilizing magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to induce localized heating within tumors. This study presents a comprehensive simulation-based analysis of magnetic hyperthermia applied to lung cancer. A two-dimensional axisymmetric finite element model was developed, incorporating key anatomical components tumor, air cavity, muscle, bone, skin to evaluate spatial thermal profiles under physiological respiratory dynamics. Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles (۱۹ nm) were subjected to an alternating magnetic field (AMF) at ۳۰۰ kHz and current intensity ۳۰۰ A to induce localized heating through Néel and Brownian relaxation mechanisms. The model assessed thermal propagation during inhalation and exhalation, targeting tumor ablation temperatures (۴۲–۴۶ °C). Simulation results confirm the feasibility and thermal safety of MNP-assisted magnetic hyperthermia for lung cancer. These findings offer a clinically relevant framework for optimizing treatment planning and nanoparticle design. The novelty of this study lies in the development of a physiologically accurate finite element simulation that incorporates respiratory dynamics. This integrated approach, combining porous media modeling with thermal distribution analysis under dynamic breathing phases, offers new insights into optimizing safe and effective hyperthermia treatments for thoracic malignancies.