The Role of Corrective Feedback in Second Language Acquisition: A Focus on Oral Feedback Versus Written Feedback

Corrective feedback is one of the important tools in second language learning that can have a great impact on the learning process of language learners. When language learners face communication challenges, feedback helps them identify and correct their mistakes. The two main types of feedback are oral and written feedback, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Oral feedback allows learners to quickly receive necessary corrections during a conversation. This type of feedback is usually immediate and helps learners to get closer to other language budgets that they may encounter in real conversations. Also, directly expressing mistakes orally not only helps to improve speaking skills but can also increase the learner's self-confidence. However, if oral feedback is provided in an inconspicuous or inappropriate manner, the learner may feel embarrassed or frustrated, which will prevent them from continuing to learn. On the other hand, written feedback usually requires more time for reflection and analysis. This type of feedback gives learners a chance to look closely at their mistakes and analyze them. Notes and corrections provided in writing can serve as a useful reference for learners, who can refer to them at a later time. However, the time-consuming nature of this type of feedback and the time gap between sending the written feedback and receiving it may not provide an opportunity for immediate correction and prevent the learner from establishing effective linguistic communication. The choice between oral and written feedback depends on the learning situation and the specific needs of each learner. Both types of feedback can be equally effective, and in a balanced curriculum, the right combination of them can help to significantly improve language skills. Recognizing the strengths and weaknesses of each method and using them complementary can optimize the learning experience and help learners learn a second language more effectively.

کلیدواژه ها:

corrective feedback ، learning ، second language ، oral feedback