Background: Integrating artificial intelligence, particularly machine learning, in pharmaceutical formulation has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance efficiency, precision, and personalization in drug development. This narrative review examines recent literature on the application of artificial intelligence in optimizing various pharmaceutical formulations, including nanoparticles, suspensions, and solid oral dosage forms. Methods: A structured search was conducted in scientific databases to identify relevant studies between ۲۰۲۲-۲۰۲۵ that employed artificial intelligence or machine learning for formulation optimization. Selected studies were analyzed and categorized based on formulation type, artificial intelligence methodology, and key outcomes. The review compares traditional Design of Experiments with machine learning models such as XGBoost, random forest, support vector machine, and artificial neural networks. Results: Findings reveal that machine learning models consistently outperform Design of Experiments in predictive accuracy, especially for nanoparticle size and suspension stability, with XGBoost often yielding the best performance (R² ۰.۹). However, both approaches showed limited success in predicting zeta potential. In suspension formulations, stabilizer concentration and bead size were identified as key factors using SHAP analysis. Artificial intelligence was also applied in ۳D printing-based tablet design, where genetic algorithms enabled the creation of dosage forms with tailored drug release profiles. Additionally, machine learning applications in solid dosage forms addressed formulation design, process optimization, quality control, and regulatory compliance. Conclusion: In conclusion, artificial intelligence demonstrates significant potential to revolutionize pharmaceutical formulation by reducing trial-and-error, enhancing prediction accuracy, and supporting personalized medicine. Future research should focus on data integration, model interpretability, and regulatory frameworks to further advance artificial intelligence-driven formulation science. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Pharmaceutical Industry
