Optimal Placement of Protective Relays and Distributed Generation Units in Distribution Networks for Enhancing System Reliability Using the PSO Algorithm

The integration of Distributed Generation (DG) into modern distribution networks introduces several operational challenges, particularly in terms of network protection and reliability. One of the key challenges for distribution network operators is the transition from a traditional radial structure to a more complex meshed configuration due to the presence of DG sources. This structural change alters the short-circuit levels, rendering conventional fixed protection settings ineffective. As a result, the placement and coordination of protective devices such as overcurrent relays, reclosers, and fuses must be carefully reconsidered to ensure effective fault detection and system reliability. This paper proposes an optimization-based algorithm for determining the optimal locations for installing protective devices and DG units within a distribution network. The proposed methodology aims to enhance system reliability by strategically placing protection equipment while considering the impact of DG integration. The objective function in this study is to minimize key reliability indices, such as the System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) and the System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI), while also reducing network losses. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated using simulation studies conducted on standard test distribution systems. The results demonstrate that the optimized placement of DG and protection devices significantly improves network resilience, enhances fault detection capabilities, and reduces overall power losses. This study provides a comprehensive framework for improving the reliability and efficiency of distribution networks in the presence of DG, contributing to the development of smarter and more adaptive power systems.

کلیدواژه ها:

Optimal Placement ، Reliability ، Distribution Network Protection ، Distributed Generation Sources ، PSO algorithm