Investigating the biomarker mic RNA and circRNA in cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with between one and two million new cases diagnosed annually, making it the third most common cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death with ۷۰۰,۰۰۰ deaths. By gender, CRC is the second most common cancer in women (۹.۲%) and the third most common cancer in men (۱۰%). The incidence of CRC has increased by more than ۲۰۰,۰۰۰ new cases per year from ۱۹۹۰ to ۲۰۱۲. Most CRC cases are identified in Western countries (۵۵%), but this trend is changing due to the rapid development of some countries in the past few years (Mármol, Sánchez-de-Diego, Pradilla Dieste, Cerrada, & Rodriguez Yoldi, ۲۰۱۷). Mutations in specific genes can lead to the onset of colorectal cancer, as occurs in other types of cancer. These mutations can appear in oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and genes associated with DNA repair mechanisms. Depending on the origin of the mutation, colorectal carcinomas can be classified as sporadic, hereditary, and familial (Obuch & Ahnen, ۲۰۱۶).