Overview of Bioremediation (Bacteria) of Some Heavy Metals and Metalloids from ۲۰۱۴ to ۲۰۲۴

The continuous growth of humanity across the globe has led to an increased demand for goods that support human life. Consequently, large-scale industrialization occurs to meet these needs by introducing new alternatives. However, large-scale production of such goods has significantly harmed the environment. Industrial effluents contain numerous toxic substances, including heavy metals and metalloids, which are discharged into rivers, lakes, ponds, soil, and the environment during various operations. The results from various researchers have demonstrated that bioremediation is a highly constructive and attractive option that employs microbial activity for the remediation, cleansing, management, and recovery of water and soil contaminated with various heavy metals and metalloids. This method can be beneficial and advantageous for the treatment of wastewater and effluents without any microbial pollution.Based on the review of ۵۴ articles and one thesis in this study, it has been concluded that bioremediation is a technique free from any type of pollution, offering minimal-cost solutions for bioremediation by enhancing natural degradation and biosorption processes. Therefore, with the development of understanding of microbial communities and their responses to natural environments and pollutants, the expansion of knowledge in microbial genetics and genetic engineering to enhance pollutant degradation capabilities, conducting field experiments, and the implementation of new cost-effective bioremediation techniques, it is essential to allocate sites where these opportunities are reserved for long-term research objectives.The continuous growth of humanity across the globe has led to an increased demand for goods that support human life. Consequently, large-scale industrialization occurs to meet these needs by introducing new alternatives. However, large-scale production of such goods has significantly harmed the environment. Industrial effluents contain numerous toxic substances, including heavy metals and metalloids, which are discharged into rivers, lakes, ponds, soil, and the environment during various operations. The results from various researchers have demonstrated that bioremediation is a highly constructive and attractive option that employs microbial activity for the remediation, cleansing, management, and recovery of water and soil contaminated with various heavy metals and metalloids. This method can be beneficial and advantageous for the treatment of wastewater and effluents without any microbial pollution.Based on the review of ۵۴ articles and one thesis in this study, it has been concluded that bioremediation is a technique free from any type of pollution, offering minimal-cost solutions for bioremediation by enhancing natural degradation and biosorption processes. Therefore, with the development of understanding of microbial communities and their responses to natural environments and pollutants, the expansion of knowledge in microbial genetics and genetic engineering to enhance pollutant degradation capabilities, conducting field experiments, and the implementation of new cost-effective bioremediation techniques, it is essential to allocate sites where these opportunities are reserved for long-term research objectives.

کلیدواژه ها:

metals and metalloids ، effluent ، soil ، wastewater ، biosorption and bioremediation ، bacteria