Comparative Analysis of Juvenile Criminal Justice Systems in Iran and Scandinavian Countries: Policies, Laws, and Developments

Juvenile criminal justice, as a specialized branch of criminal law, encompasses the psychological, social, cultural, and educational dimensions of youth behavior and delinquency. Increasing awareness of children as individuals in the process of development has prompted significant shifts in justice systems —from punitive and retributive models to more rehabilitative and restorative approaches. Scandinavian countries have led these reforms by embedding children’s rights and developmental science into their legal frameworks. This article applies a comparative legal methodology to analyze Iran's juvenile criminal justice system in relation to those of Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. Drawing on statutory law, institutional practices, criminological theory, and international conventions, the study identifies significant gaps in Iran’s current practices and proposes pragmatic reforms aligned with global norms.

کلیدواژه ها:

Juvenile Justice ، Criminal Responsibility ، Restorative Justice ، Youth Rights ، Legal Reform