Jurisprudential and Legal Analysis of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) with Emphasis on Food Security and Public Health

In today's world, with the rapid growth of population, environmental crises, and challenges related to food production, the use of modern biotechnological innovations, particularly genetically modified organisms (GMOs), has been proposed as an effective solution for ensuring food security and combating agricultural and environmental crises. GMOs, utilizing genetic engineering techniques, can increase agricultural productivity, reduce the need for chemical pesticides, and make crops more resilient to harsh climatic conditions. However, alongside their considerable benefits, this new technology also faces challenges and concerns in the fields of jurisprudence, law, public health, and environmental sustainability. In particular, in Islamic societies, the examination of these issues from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence and religious principles is crucial. This paper specifically analyzes the jurisprudential and legal aspects of GMOs, with an emphasis on Islamic principles such as permissibility (ḥalāl) and purity (ṭahārah), and investigates whether this technology is religiously permissible. Additionally, the legal challenges related to the production, importation, and consumption of these products are examined, especially within the legal frameworks of Iran and other Islamic countries. Furthermore, the impact of GMOs on food security and public health is addressed, and ultimately, the paper discusses existing solutions for better coordination between Islamic jurisprudence, legal, and scientific perspectives in the optimal use of this technology worldwide. This research emphasizes the importance of developing an interdisciplinary approach to explore the challenges and opportunities presented by GMOs and aims to create harmony between jurisprudential, legal, and scientific knowledge to enhance food security, protect public health, and promote sustainable development.