Green Bioprocessing Innovations In Protease Production: Sustainable Waste Utilization, Process Optimization, And Industrial Applications

Proteases are vital enzymes with extensive industrial applications, particularly in detergents, textiles, leather, food, and pharmaceuticals. This paper aims to examine how sustainable practices—such as waste valorization, microbial fermentation, and bioprocess optimization—can minimize the environmental impact of protease production. Methodologically, we survey both solid-state and submerged fermentation techniques, highlighting advancements in genetic engineering and process optimization tools like Response Surface Methodology and adaptive laboratory evolution. Key results indicate that integrating circular economy principles, such as using agricultural residues and industrial by-products as substrates, significantly reduces raw material costs and lowers carbon footprints. Additionally, automation and machine learning enhance process efficiency, enabling higher yields and better enzyme stability at various temperatures and pH levels. We conclude that a shift toward greener protease production not only benefits the environment but also offers economic and product-quality advantages across multiple sectors. Future research should focus on developing robust protease strains, refining purification methods, and expanding circular economy models to further advance sustainable enzyme manufacturing.

کلیدواژه ها:

proteases ، sustainability ، waste valorization ، bioprocess optimization ، circular economy ، enzyme engineering ، industrial applications ، green chemistry