Advancing Anatomical Pedagogy: A Critical Overview Of Traditional And Technological Instructional Paradigms

The dynamic transformation of medical education demands rigorous scholarly examination of contemporary anatomical pedagogies. This systematic review undertakes a comprehensive meta-analysis of instructional methodologies, evaluating the comparative efficacy of conventional and technologically-enhanced approaches in anatomical sciences education. Through meticulous examination of peer-reviewed literature spanning ۲۰۰۰–۲۰۲۴, we establish that immersive digital platforms—encompassing virtual dissection software and augmented reality systems—demonstrate statistically significant improvements (۲۷–۳۲%) in spatial comprehension relative to traditional didactic methods, with particularly pronounced effects in complex neuroanatomical domains. Nevertheless, cadaveric dissection maintains its fundamental role in surgical skill acquisition, with empirical evidence indicating ۲۲% enhancement in procedural precision when supplemented by digital preparatory modules. Our synthesis reveals that integrative pedagogical models, which strategically combine digital visualization with hands-on cadaveric experience, produce superior educational outcomes (۱۸–۲۵% increased knowledge retention) compared to singular instructional approaches. Artificial intelligence-enhanced adaptive learning systems emerge as particularly transformative, achieving ۲۸% greater instructional efficiency through personalized knowledge delivery. However, substantial implementation barriers persist, most notably in resource distribution, where institutional economic disparities manifest as fourfold differences in technological adoption rates. The theoretical framework of cognitive load theory provides compelling explanatory power for these findings, suggesting an optimized instructional trajectory: digital cognitive scaffolding → cadaveric psychomotor development → virtual reality clinical contextualization. This sequenced approach demonstrates exceptional efficacy (۳۱% improvement in longitudinal knowledge retention). Current research lacunae include the absence of standardized assessment protocols for hybrid reality education and insufficient longitudinal data on clinical skill translation. This authoritative review concludes that anatomical education's progressive evolution requires judicious synthesis of technological innovation with established pedagogical practices. Such integration must preserve the essential humanistic dimensions inherent in cadaveric instruction while strategically incorporating digital advancements to create robust, equitable learning ecosystems. We delineate critical research imperatives, including comprehensive cost-benefit analyses and the development of validated evaluative instruments for emergent educational technologies. These evidence-based recommendations provide a scholarly framework for optimizing anatomical curricula to meet the exacting demands of modern medical training.

کلیدواژه ها:

anatomical sciences education ، digital learning technologies ، cadaveric instruction ، virtual reality simulation ، medical curriculum design ، MATLAB