Optimizing the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Environment to Support Development of Preterm Infants

Background: The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment during a critical period of development can impact preterm infants' long-term health and development. Optimizing various aspects of the NICU setting may better support these vulnerable babies. Objective: To review research on the effects of chemical exposures, noise levels, light exposure, and room/ward designs in the NICU and their implications for preterm infant development. Methods: A literature search was conducted to identify studies investigating associations between features of the NICU environment (chemicals, sound, lighting, physical space) and outcomes in preterm infants, including physiological stability, growth measures, and neurodevelopment. Results: Exposure to certain chemicals from medical materials is common in the NICU and linked to later neurological issues. Noise levels often exceed recommendations, though noise reduction efforts show mixed benefits. Stimulating audio like maternal voices improve stability. Higher lighting disrupts preterm infants' physiology, while cycled light exposure aids progression. Private rooms decrease stressors and infections while encouraging family contact. Conclusions: The NICU environment significantly impacts preterm infant development. Efforts to reduce harmful exposures, provide appropriate stimulation, and optimize the physical setting could improve preemie health outcomes both in the short and long-term. Further research optimizing different aspects of the NICU is warranted.

کلیدواژه ها:

Preterm Infants ، Environmental Exposures ، Neurodevelopment