A Multi-Objective Optimization of Artichoke (Cynara Scolymus L.) Leaves Aqueous Extraction Dehydration Through a Novel Spray Drying Approach Using Response Surface Methodology

In this study, Cynara scolymus L. leaves aqueous extract powder was produced using a novel spray drying approach by incorporation of ongoing ultrasonic atomization and vacuumed drying chamber. A Response Surface Methodology (RSM)-based central composite face-centered design was employed for optimization of the operating conditions of the ultrasonic vacuum spray dryer. The independent variables of the prepared mode include inlet temperature, the vacuum pressure in the drying chamber and concentration of extract solution. Drying experiments were carried out with an inlet temperature range of ۵۵–۷۵ °C, a vacuum pressure range of ۲۰–۴۰kPa and extract solution concentration of ۲–۳%. The responses were Moisture Content (MC), Solubility Index (SI), the bulk density of extract powder, Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and DPPH scavenging capacity. Optimum operating conditions were found to be an inlet temperature of ۷۰.۵۸℃, a vacuum pressure of ۲۰kPa, and an extract solution concentration of ۳%. In this optimum condition, Moisture Content (MC), Solubility Index (SI), bulk density of extract powder, Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and DPPH scavenging activity were found to be ۶.۷۳%, ۵۸.۵%, ۰.۵۸۳۸ g/cm۳, ۱۳.۵۳ mg of GAE/g of spray dying extract powder and ۱۸.۴۳%, respectively. The morphology of microstructures analyzed with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) also showed spherical and smooth particles in optimum condition.

کلیدواژه ها:

cynara scolymus ، spray drying ، Response surface methodology ، extract powder ، total phenol content ، antioxidant capacity