Rapid Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Food Dyes in Soft Drink Using Continuous Wavelet Transform and Multivariate Calibration Methods

In this study, the spectrophotometric technique along with chemometrics methods have been developed for the simultaneous determination of Sunset Yellow (SY) and tartrazine (TZ) in mixtures and soft drinks without any prior separation or purification. The first method is the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT), in which various wavelet families were investigated. Eventually, the Gaussian wavelet family of the second order with a scaling factor of ۵ for SY and the Daubechies wavelet families of the second order with a scaling factor of ۶۴ for TZ were selected. Both dyes showed good linearity, with the coefficient of determination (R۲) of ۰.۹۹۶ and ۰.۹۹۸۱  for SY and TZ, respectively. The Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ) values were ۰.۱۷۹۴, ۰.۰۰۰۳ 𝜇g/mL, and ۰.۶۰۶۶, ۰.۰۹۸۳ 𝜇g/mL for SY and TZ, respectively. On the other hand, multivariate calibration methods, including Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Principal Component Regression (PCR) were studied. The PLS recovery range was obtained from ۱۰۰.۰۶% to ۱۰۳.۰۶% and ۱۰۰.۸۶ to ۱۰۳.۴۹ for SY and TZ, respectively. Also, the mean recovery (%) of the PCR method was ۱۰۱.۴۱ and ۱۰۲.۹۰ for SY and TZ, respectively. In addition, values of RMSE related to the PLS and PCR were achieved ۰.۲۵۷۸, ۰.۳۰۲۳, and ۰.۲۶۳۵, ۰.۵۶۰۲ for SY and TZ, respectively. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) as a reference method was applied for the soft drink, and the results were compared with the proposed methods using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). There was no significant difference between them.

کلیدواژه ها:

Spectrophotometry ، sunset yellow ، Tartrazine ، Continuous Wavelet Transform ، Multivariate calibration ، high-performance liquid chromatography