Evaluation of the Physicochemical Properties and Aflatoxin Levels of Industrial and Non-industrial Sesame Oil

The present study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties (refractive index, acid value, peroxide value, conjugated dienes, Fatty acid composition) and level of aflatoxins (AFB۱, AFB۲, AFG۱, and AFG۲) in the sesame oils (cold press) consumed in Iran. In total, ۳۰ sesame oil samples were collected from factories (n=۲۰; industrial) and traditional mills (n=۱۰; non-industrial). No significant differences were observed between the industrial and non-industrial sesame oil samples in terms of the physicochemical properties and AF contamination and therefore, it is not possible to prefer the consumption of one of the oils (industrial or non-industrial) to another. According to the physicochemical examination, the mean peroxide value was ۲.۹۳±۱.۵۹ and ۱.۹۵±۱.۲۴ meq/kg, the acid value was ۰.۸۶±۰.۸۲ and ۱.۱۲±۰.۵۸ mg KOH/g, the refractive index was ۱.۴,۷۰۶±۰.۰۰۰۲ and ۱.۴,۷۰۵±۰.۰۰۰۱ at ۲۸°C, and the conjugated diene value was ۱۲.۱۳±۳.۲۵ and ۱۰.۰۲±۱.۴۳ μmol/g in the industrial and non-industrial sesame oil, respectively. In addition, the fatty acid profile of the industrial and non-industrial sesame oil indicated high levels of unsaturated fatty acids (۸۴.۵% and ۸۳.۴۹%, respectively), with the main fatty acids determined to be oleic acid and linoleic acid. The fatty acid profile of the sesame oil samples indicated no adulteration with other vegetable oils. The mean contamination with AFB۱, AFB۲, and AFG۱ in the non-industrial sesame oil was estimated at ۰.۰۶±۰.۲۶, ۰.۰۲±۰.۶۷, and ۰.۱۵±۰.۱۸ µg/kg, while the mean contamination with AFB۱, AFB۲, and AFG۱ was ۰.۰۴±۰.۸۴, ۰.۰۳±۰.۶۱, and ۰.۱۷±۰.۱۶ µg/kg in the industrial sesame oil. Moreover, the AFB۱ and AFs levels in all the sesame oil samples were significantly lower than the Iranian legislation limits (۵ and ۱۵ µg/kg, respectively) and the European Union (۲ and ۴ µg/kg, respectively). Risk assessment based on the margin of exposure revealed the risk of AFB۱ and AFG۱ exposure through industrial and non-industrial sesame oil consumption and AFB۲ exposure through industrial sesame oil consumption.

کلیدواژه ها:

Sesame oil ، Fatty acid profile ، physicochemical properties ، aflatoxin