Design and Fabrication of a Rock-Cutting Tracker using a Laser Relay Transceiver in a Novel Drilling Approach based on an AVR Microcontroller

The Bavanapadu-Nuvvalarevu coastal sector in Andhra Pradesh, India, hosts substantial subsurface heavy mineral (HM) resources, presenting significant economic potential. This study employs ArcGIS raster techniques to estimate Total Heavy Mineral (THM) and Total Economic Heavy Mineral (TEHM) resources in a ۳۹ square kilometers area, integrating geospatial analysis with field data from core sediment samples. The findings reveal a total of ۲.۶۸۱۹۵۳ million tons of THM, including ۲.۴۳۴۴۲۲ million tons of TEHM, with the highest concentration observed in the top ۱-meter sea bed sediment layer (۱.۶۰۵۲۸۶ million tons). Ilmenite, garnet, and sillimanite dominate the mineral assemblage, accompanied by smaller quantities of zircon, monazite, and rutile, offering an estimated revenue potential of ۶۳۴ to ۸۵۱ million USD. The application of ArcGIS methodologies, particularly inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation, enabled precise mapping of HM distribution, despite challenges such as wide sample spacing and shallow core penetration. While the study highlights the economic and industrial significance of the Bavanapadu sector, it also underscores environmental concerns, including habitat disruption and sediment degradation, associated with mining. Sustainable practices, such as advanced separation technologies, site rehabilitation, and comprehensive environmental impact assessments (EIAs), are essential to mitigate ecological impacts. This research demonstrates the efficacy of GIS-based techniques in resource estimation and sustainable mining, offering a replicable framework for coastal and offshore mineral resource management globally. The findings provide critical insights into balancing economic growth with environmental preservation, setting a benchmark for responsible heavy mineral extraction in dynamic coastal environments.

کلیدواژه ها:

New drilling ، LTS (Laser Tracking System) ، drilling hole ، Diamond Wire Cutting ، microcontroller