Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Various Depths of Different Water Bodies on Standalone Bifacial Solar Photovoltaic Panels: An Experimental Approach

This study investigates the effectiveness of using water as a coolant for floating bifacial photovoltaic cells (PV). At higher irradiance levels (۷۰۰ W/m² to ۱۰۰۰ W/m²), PSF۴ and PSF۶ consistently outperform CWS, with PSF۶ showing the highest power increase of ۱۷.۶%. In saltwater, surfaces (PSS۲, PSS۴, and PSS۶) demonstrate increased power outputs, with PSS۶ consistently leading ۰.۳% to ۱۵ %. Black water surfaces (PSB۲, PSB۴, and PSB۶) also exhibit improved power generation, with PSB۴ showing the highest percentage increase ۰.۲ % to ۹.۲%. Freshwater cooling proves most effective, with average efficiencies of ۱.۴۱%, ۳.۲۶%, and ۴.۱% at depths of ۲ cm, ۴ cm, and ۶ cm respectively. Across surfaces, PSF۶ exhibits the highest power percentage at ۱۷.۶%, followed by PSF۴ (۱۵.۰%) and PSF۲ (۵.۵%). Notably, PSS۶ also demonstrates strong performance at ۱۵.۹%. PSF۶ demonstrated the highest energy production at ۱.۱۷۵۴ MWh/year, indicating superior performance. Saltwater and black water offer lower efficiency than freshwater coolants, which is attributed to their properties, yet they still improve upon CWS efficiency. The study highlights the benefits of proposed surfaces, especially PSF۴ and PSF۶, suggesting water as an effective coolant for floating bifacial PV panels. This has implications for renewable energy, water conservation, cost-effectiveness, and market growth.

کلیدواژه ها:

Bifacial solar photovoltaic ، Performance investigation ، floating bifacial solar panel ، coolant as reflector ، Renewable energy production