Mesenchymal Stem Cell Nanofibers for Skin Repair and Wound Healing

This novel strategy, which combines MSCs with nanofiber scaffolds, has the potential to improve therapies for wound healing, address underlying pathophysiological problems, and lessen the financial burden of wound care. The integration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with nanotechnology offers a promising approach for developing new tissue substitutes in the field of tissue engineering. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are acknowledged as a promising cell therapy for enhancing skin healing. Due to their multipotent differentiation capabilities, MSCs can produce a range of cells involved in the wound healing process, including dermal fibroblasts (DFs), endothelial cells, and keratinocytes. Furthermore, MSCs support tissue repair, cellular regeneration, and neovascularization via paracrine and autocrine signaling pathways. Due to these characteristics, MSCs have been thoroughly investigated in relation to chronic wound healing and burn healing. Additionally, throughout MSC research, their distinct roles in scarless healing and skin aging have been identified. Nanofiber scaffolds and hydrogels loaded with stem cells hold immense potential for improving various stages of wound healing, such as tissue regeneration, angiogenesis and re-epithelialization. The biomimetic characteristics of nanofibers create an optimal environment for the delivery and proliferation of stem cells at the wound site. These nanofibers feature a substantial surface area, variable three-dimensional topography, porosity, and customizable surface functionalities. Nanofibers are produced using various fabrication techniques, including electrospinning, phase separation, physical fabrication, and chemical fabrication. The choice of polymer used in the manufacturing process depends on the intended application of the nanofibers. It includes a range of materials such as natural polymers, semi-synthetic polymers, synthetic polymers, metals, metal oxides, ceramics, carbon, non-porous substances, mesoporous materials, hollow structures, core-shell configurations, bio components, and multi-component materials. Nanofiber composites serve as an effective option for targeted delivery of genes, proteins, peptides, and growth factors. In this review, we outline the mechanisms through which MSCs-nanofibers facilitate wound healing. We also investigate methods to improve the therapeutic effects of MSCs. Additionally, we address the growing trend of integrating MSCs with tissue engineering approaches, utilizing the benefits of MSCs alongside tissue engineering materials like biodegradable scaffolds and hydrogels to boost the skin repair capabilities of MSCs.

کلیدواژه ها:

Mesenchymal stem cells ، Wound dressing ، Skin regeneration ، Nanofiber