Diabetic Wound Healing Potential of Medicinal Plants Found in Iran and Their Bioactive Components Role

According to the WHO, from ۱۹۸۰ to ۲۰۱۴, the number of individuals diagnosed with diabetes increased from ۱۰۸ million to ۴۲۲ million. Importantly, countries with poor or medium economies, like Iran, have seen a quicker rise than those with greater incomes. Diabetes can develop diabetic, neuropathic, neuroischemic, and other wounds. There are several biological mechanisms that impede the healing process of diabetic foot ulceration, such as hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress, disrupted blood supply to tissue, infection, and abnormal inflammatory responses. Since diabetic ulcers heal slower than healthy ulcers and can lead to infection or amputation, which causes psychological, economic, and social burdens, exploring other ways to accelerate diabetic wound healing is an urgent need. Taking into account the various articles that have been published up to now about the effectiveness of plants in promoting and accelerating wound healing, besides their minimal complications and cost-effectiveness, we selected eight Iranian plants that have received less research in this area than other plants like Aloe vera from the list provided by Jivad et al. (۲۰۱۶) to explore their potential for diabetic-induced wound healing, including Myrtus communis (L.) (in the Persian language Mourd found in Mobarakeh, Iran), Glycyrrhiza glabra/Licorice (Shirinbian - Sirjan), Origanum ulgare/Oregano (Marzanjoush - Arasbaran), Althaea officinalis/Marshmallow (Khatmi - Lorestan), Teucrium polium (Maryam nokhodi - khuzistan), Plantago major L. (Boz rishi - Sardasht) , Achillea millefolium (Boumadaran - Bandar Genaveh), Olea europaea (Zeytoun - Khuzistan). A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using keywords such as ' Diabetic wounds,' Neuropathic wounds,' and ' Diabetic patients' in regard to each plant. Relevant in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies were analyzed, and all (n = ۳۱) concluded the therapeutic potential of these plants in diabetic ulcers even more than standard treatments, which may be due to their bioactive components; for example, Myrtle essential oil suppresses LPS-stimulated macrophages' NO generation without altering cell survival. The extracts also lower ROS and inflammatory cytokine gene expression. Carvacrol and thymol-rich oregano essential oil (OvEo) is antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. It damages bacterial cell membranes, increases IL-۱۰, decreases proinflammatory cytokines, reduces edema, and promotes tissue remodeling. Glycyrrhizic acid from licorice inhibits cyclooxygenase, and like hydrocortisone, it inhibits phospholipase A۲, which causes several inflammatory processes. Glycyrrhizin and

کلیدواژه ها:

Diabetic wounds ، Neuropathic wounds ، Diabetic patients