Fabrication and Evaluation of Photothermal Smart Wound Dressing Based on Bacterial Cellulose to Inhibit Cancer Recurrence and Antimicrobial Behavior after Melanoma Surgery Wounds

Despite promising advancements in surgical methods for the removal of various types of skin melanomas, undetectable residual microtumors remain a significant concern, increasing the risk of cancer recurrence. Therefore, a treatment that can effectively eliminate residual microtumors left after surgery and exhibit regulated performance in angiogenesis, tissue regeneration, and antibacterial effects in response to the complex and diverse microenvironments of the wound is of utmost importance. This study aims to investigate the potential of photothermal therapy using PEGylated graphene oxide nanosheets as near-infrared light-responsive agents for localized heating, and calcium peroxide-dopamine nanocomposites as pH-responsive agents to regulate the acidic microenvironment caused by lactic acid, Inhibition of immunosuppression, and inhibit metastasis of residual microtumors post-surgery. PEGylation of graphene oxide nanosheets was performed through amide coupling reactions between carboxyl and amine groups and was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm the bonds. Subsequently, GO-PEG nanosheets were in-situ loaded into bacterial cellulose fibers and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The scaffold microstructure was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the concentration of loaded nanoparticles was evaluated using simultaneous thermal analysis (STA). In the next stage, calcium peroxide and polydopamine nanocomposites were synthesized in-situ in a hydrogel and evaluated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and FT-IR. Cross-linking of carboxylic acid groups of GO and amine groups of PEG was confirmed through FT-IR, XRD, and thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC). The structural and mechanical properties of the hydrogels, including porosity and strength, were demonstrated using SEM and swelling/stretch tests. The average size of calcium peroxide nanocrystals was determined to be ۱۰.۵۲ nm via TEM analysis. Photothermal performance under ۸۰۸ nm near-infrared laser irradiation showed that the composite reached ۵۰°C in less than ۱۵ minutes. Moreover, polydopamine nanocomposites exhibited a nanomesh structure in an acidic environment, enhancing the photothermal performance of the wound dressing. Calcium peroxide, through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxygen release, exhibited significant anti-cancer and antibacterial activity. The photothermal performance of the wound dressing displayed considerable antibacterial effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells. Biocompatibility and cell proliferation of the wound dressing were

کلیدواژه ها:

Photothermal Therapy ، Bacterial Cellulose ، Graphene Oxide ، Calcium Peroxide ، Polydopamine ، Wound Dressing ، Cancer Recurrence ، Antimicrobial Behavior ، Melanoma Surgery