Diabetic wounds, due to delays and deficiencies in healing, pose a significant burden on global healthcare. Numerous studies have indicated that exosomes may be a potential solution for treating diabetic wounds.
Exosomes are lipid bilayer structures secreted by nearly all cells. They can act as messengers between various cells, inducing functional changes in recipient cells, which suggests their ability to treat various diseases, including chronic diabetic wounds. In this research and review, we aim to gain a deeper understanding of therapeutic exosomes and their remarkable prospects for enhancing wound healing and advancing their clinical application. This review is based on articles from reputable journals and various databases from ۲۰۲۰ to ۲۰۲۴. Due to their structural characteristics, exosomes have a high engineering potential. Studies have shown that certain molecules found in exosomes are particularly beneficial for wound treatment; thus, enhancing these molecules in exosomes through engineering technology can improve their functionality. Some studies report that exosomes can address specific issues related to diabetic wounds, such as angiogenesis, nerve damage, and certain inflammatory problems. Research indicates that exosomes can promote the survival and inhibit apoptosis of endothelial cells (ECs), fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and neurons.
Exosomes transfer proteins, metabolites, and nucleic acids to recipient cells, which can significantly alter their biological response capabilities. These exosomal reactions can either promote or inhibit disease progression and also offer promising prospects in disease diagnosis. Our goal is to develop exosome-based therapeutic strategies for managing diabetic wounds. Scientists confirm all the functions of exosomes for wound healing in diabetes. However, there is still a need for deeper foundational research and further testing to enhance the therapeutic effects of exosomes from unique sources in improving and reconstructing diabetic wounds.
