Wound Healing in Women Reproductive Health

Wound healing within the female reproductive system, encompassing the cervix, uterus, and ovaries, is critical for maintaining reproductive health and function. In the uterus, efficient healing is essential to prevent complications such as intrauterine adhesions which can impair fertility. The ovaries, subject to cyclical ovulation-related injuries, rely on precise healing mechanisms to maintain ovarian reserve and function. Additionally, emerging evidence suggests that impaired ovarian wound healing may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Similarly, the cervix, often injured during childbirth or surgical procedures, requires effective repair to prevent cervical insufficiency and subsequent pregnancy complications. Key molecular players, including cytokines like TGF-β and growth factors, orchestrate these healing processes by regulating cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Hormonal influences, particularly estrogen and progesterone, are pivotal in modulating these responses, enhancing tissue repair, and reducing fibrosis. Advances in therapeutic strategies, such as stem cell therapy and targeted molecular treatments, offer promising avenues to improve healing outcomes and reduce scarring. This review underscores the importance of understanding and optimizing wound healing mechanisms to enhance reproductive health and address related pathologies.