Essential Signaling Pathways in Diabetic Cells are Activated by Photobiomodulation at ۶۶۰ nm

Basic cellular functioning such as cell proliferation, migration, survival, and differentiation are regulated by signal transduction pathways. Underlying pathological conditions such as diabetes mellitus (DM) result in dysfunctional signalling pathways and biological processes that impede wound healing, leading to chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), which frequently necessitate amputation. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-invasive approach that harnesses the therapeutic properties of light to promote healing, reduce inflammation, and relieve pain for the benefit of patients. Despite the medical advancement and increasing acceptance of PBM, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood. This in vitro study aimed to determine the cellular and molecular effect of PBM at ۶۶۰ nm with ۵ J/cm۲ on signal transduction pathways in diabetic fibroblast cells. Proteins involved in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, JAK/STAT pathway, and PI۳K/Akt/mTOR were assessed. All three signaling pathways were triggered following PBM at ۶۶۰ nm, which accelerated biological processes like cell migration and proliferation. This study clearly demonstrates that PBM mediates its effects by activating signal transduction pathways, allowing for the enhancement of wound healing, particularly under pathological conditions such as diabetes.