Diagnostic Value of Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Cholangiocarcinoma and Its Benign Mimickers

Background & Objective: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignancy that accounts for approximately ۳% gastrointestinal cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the diagnostic value of CD۵۶, SMAD۴, CEA, and p۵۳ biomarkers in diagnosing cholangiocarcinoma and its benign mimickers.Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on ۵۴ CCA specimens and ۲۷ non-cancerous pancreatobiliary tissue samples diagnosed between ۲۰۱۸ and ۲۰۲۲. All specimens were evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for CD۵۶, SMAD۴, CEA, and p۵۳ expression. The cut-off value of each marker was obtained from the respective kit instructions and previous studies. The results were analyzed using SPSS version ۲۶. A significance level of less than ۰.۰۵ was considered statistically significant.Results: Of the ۸۱ specimens, the mean age in the case and control groups was ۵۷.۳۳ ± ۱۱.۹۹ and ۴۴.۷ ± ۱۶.۶۹ years, respectively, and ۵۱ (۶۳%) samples were obtained from male patients. We found that ۳۹.۵% had grade III p۵۳ expression, ۱۳.۵% had grade II p۵۳ expression, ۴۱.۹% had grade III CEA expression, and ۹.۸% had grade II CEA expression. Additionally, ۱۷.۳% were positive for CD۵۶ expression, and ۷.۴% showed SMAD۴ loss. There were significant associations between the expression of CEA (۷۹.۶%) and p۵۳ (۷۴%) in the CCA group (p-value < ۰.۰۵). However, SMAD۴ loss and CD۵۶ expression were not statistically significant.Conclusion: Expression of CEA and p۵۳ based on IHC staining is associated with the occurrence of CCA. However, SMAD۴ and CD۵۶ were not significantly associated with CCA. Further survival analysis and sensitivity and specificity assessments are needed to obtain more comprehensive results.

کلیدواژه ها:

biomarker ، Cholangiocarcinoma ، Immunohistochemistry