Is it better to learn a language as a child or as an adult ?

This study explores the question of whether it is better to learn a language as a child or as an adult. The research delves into the factors that contribute to successful language acquisition, examining the advantages and challenges that both children and adults face in learning a second language. The primary aim of the research is to analyze how age influences language learning, particularly focusing on aspects such as pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary acquisition, and overall fluency. The study adopts a qualitative approach, reviewing and synthesizing findings from various scholarly articles, studies, and theories related to second language acquisition (SLA). The research is based on secondary data, drawing on the critical period hypothesis (CPH), cognitive abilities, and motivation factors that differentiate language learning outcomes for children and adults. Findings indicate that while children benefit from greater neuroplasticity, enabling them to acquire pronunciation and basic grammatical structures intuitively, adults possess superior cognitive skills, such as analytical reasoning and problem-solving, which allow them to excel in complex aspects of language learning, such as vocabulary and abstract concepts. Despite age-related differences, both children and adults can achieve language proficiency, provided they are exposed to rich, quality linguistic input and employ effective learning strategies. The results suggest that age, while significant, is not the sole determinant of success in language learning. Motivation, learning environment, and individual dedication are equally important factors in achieving proficiency. The research highlights the need for tailored learning approaches that cater to the strengths and weaknesses of both children and adults in second language acquisition. The study concludes that with the right conditions, both children and adults can successfully learn a new language, though the path to mastery may differ.

کلیدواژه ها:

age factor ، cognitive abilities ، language learning ، second language acquisition