Antimicrobial and anticancer activities of phytosomes as novel drug delivery systems: A mini-review

Phytosomes and nanophytosomes are novel drug delivery systems (DDSs) that combine plant-derived metabolites, particularly polyphenols, flavonoids, and saponins with phospholipids to improve their bioavailability and stability. The solubility and absorption of plant-based compounds can be augmented by this unique formulation in different sizes and shapes, making them more effective when applied therapeutically, specifically for antimicrobial and anticancer purposes. By improving bioavailability, stability, and targeted delivery, phytosomes have shown potential ability for a wide range of antimicrobial and antineoplastic activities. The antimicrobial properties of phytosomes involve several mechanisms including disruption of the microbial cell membrane, inhibition of microbial enzymes, antioxidant properties, and anti-inflammatory effects. Upregulation of BAX (B-cell lymphoma-۲-associated-X), caspase-۸, and caspase-۹ with downnregulation of Bcl-۲ have been indicated as the major anticancer mechanisms for these DDSs. As investigations about formulations of phytosomes and nanophytosomes continue to evolve, their applications in both antimicrobial and anticancer areas are likely to expand, presenting new opportunities for natural treatments.

کلیدواژه ها:

Phytosomes ، polyphenols ، Flavonoids ، Targeted Delivery ، Microbial enzymes ، caspase-۸