Vaccination And Immune Defense Against Hospital-Acquired Infections: Mechanisms And Challenges

Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) increase morbidity, hospital stays, and costs. These infections stem from bacterial and viral pathogens, with multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains complicating treatment. The immune system combats these pathogens through innate and adaptive mechanisms. Vaccination enhances immune recognition and reduces infection rates, particularly in vulnerable populations. This review examines immune responses to viral capsids and bacterial pathogens, focusing on vaccine-induced immunity in HAI prevention.

کلیدواژه ها:

Hospital-acquired infections ، immune response ، vaccination ، bacterial pathogens ، viral capsids