Evaluation of the Effect of Conductive Nanoparticles MXene, ITO, and CNTs on Enhancing the Performance of a Three-Dimensional Electrochemical Reactor for Congo Red Dye Removal from Industrial Wastewater

The presence of resistant dyes such as Congo Red in industrial wastewater, particularly from the textile industry, poses serious challenges for both environmental safety and treatment processes. Among various treatment methods, three-dimensional electrochemical systems have gained increasing attention due to their unique structure and high oxidation capacity. One promising approach to enhancing the efficiency of these systems is the incorporation of conductive nanoparticles, which can improve electron transfer, increase active surface area, and facilitate the generation of reactive species. This review compiles and analyzes findings from previous studies regarding the use of three widely studied conductive nanomaterials MXene, ITO, and CNTs in these systems. The focus is placed on their structural properties, influential operational parameters, and reported outcomes in the removal of Congo Red dye. The synthesis of existing research suggests that appropriate selection of nanomaterials and operating conditions plays a critical role in improving the performance of three-dimensional electrochemical systems for the treatment of dye-containing industrial wastewater.The presence of resistant dyes such as Congo Red in industrial wastewater, particularly from the textile industry, poses serious challenges for both environmental safety and treatment processes. Among various treatment methods, three-dimensional electrochemical systems have gained increasing attention due to their unique structure and high oxidation capacity. One promising approach to enhancing the efficiency of these systems is the incorporation of conductive nanoparticles, which can improve electron transfer, increase active surface area, and facilitate the generation of reactive species. This review compiles and analyzes findings from previous studies regarding the use of three widely studied conductive nanomaterials MXene, ITO, and CNTs in these systems. The focus is placed on their structural properties, influential operational parameters, and reported outcomes in the removal of Congo Red dye. The synthesis of existing research suggests that appropriate selection of nanomaterials and operating conditions plays a critical role in improving the performance of three-dimensional electrochemical systems for the treatment of dye-containing industrial wastewater.

کلیدواژه ها:

Conductive nanomaterials ، Three-dimensional electrochemical reactor ، Congo Red dye ، Electrochemical oxidation ، Nanotechnology in water treatment