Presenting the Ideal Model of Governance in the Current Era with Emphasis on the Network Governance of the Holy Prophet (PBUH)

Governance is a trans-disciplinary and interdisciplinary subject and means the process of rule-making, implementing rules, reviewing, monitoring, and applying feedback by exercising legitimate power, and in order to achieve a common goal for all actors and stakeholders within the framework of values and norms in the environment of an organization or a country. This type of governance exists in two forms. The governance of the pyramid, which is based on the authority of the individual or the ruling institution, and the sovereignty as the planner of the society; and network governance where members and actors are interdependent, because they work together on the basis of mutual exchange of resources and facilities, network governance can be defined as a set of strategic and conscious efforts with the aim of influencing the content, direction, and outcome of interactive processes and influencing perceptions and other strategies of activists in line with advancing their interests, which exists in two ways: in the first model, the government or central governance authorities have an active leadership; in the second model, they organize their own governance networks and can use new practical forms in different countries at different levels of governance and in different policy areas. By examining the lifestyle of the Prophet, we can understand that the type of governance of the Prophet was the type of network governance, but he presents a new model of it, which has the components of network governance on the one hand, and on the other hand, it does not fit into the dual forms of conventional network governance that was mentioned; because the components of network governance include indicators such as changing the hierarchical decision-making procedure towards a bottom-up approach, lack of concentration in authority and increasing self-concept in local administration. Also, cooperation between different stakeholders in the government, improving participation, increasing the integration of different resources, empowering the capabilities of different stakeholders, supporting cooperation and collective action, responding to social and environmental problems, improving the relationship between governance and environmental systems, and the like. From the perspective of the philosophy of evolution and progress, the path ahead of societies and governments in moving towards network governance is an evolutionary path that will be realized like a natural movement.