Cognitive Errors of Unbelievers in the Holy Quran: A Methodological Approach to Disbelief

Cognitive errors are systematic deviations in the judgment and decision-making structure of humans that occur due to a failure to see some information in favor of other information. The Holy Qur'an describes unbelievers as those who responded negatively to the calls of the prophets and opposed their logical arguments. The question of this research is whether, by carefully reflecting on the verses of the Holy Qur'an, it can be said that unbelievers share common cognitive errors that cause them to refrain from joining the multitude of believers. To address this question, a descriptive-analytical method and a cognitive psychology approach were used. Verses from the Holy Qur'an that discuss the words and actions of unbelievers were collected and analyzed to identify traces of well-known cognitive errors. The findings of this research suggest that, among the forty-nine recognized cognitive errors, certain errors—such as conservatism, self-inflicted blindness, beliefism, and the overconfidence effect—are repeatedly reflected in the behavior and speech of unbelievers. These cognitive biases, along with others, can be considered common characteristics of unbelievers from the perspective of the Qur'an.

کلیدواژه ها:

disbelief ، cognitive error ، cognitive bias ، Conservatism ، beliefism ، Unbelievers ، Quranic Interpretation