A Comprehensive Review of SARS-CoV-۲-Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children

The coronavirus disease ۲۰۱۹ (COVID-۱۹) has affected individuals across all age groups, with a notably high rate of morbidity and mortality. Although most children with COVID-۱۹ exhibit mild symptoms, an increasing proportion are developing a novel multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C), which shares clinical features with Kawasaki disease. MIS-C is a newly recognized hyperinflammatory condition affecting virtually any organ system. The most common symptoms include fever and gastrointestinal disturbances, although neurologic and dermatologic manifestations are well-documented. The clinical presentation of MIS-C overlaps with that of Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome, and other shock syndromes, making accurate diagnosis challenging. Elevated inflammatory markers are frequently observed in MIS-C patients, and abnormalities on echocardiograms or electrocardiograms may be present. Treatment for MIS-C should consider intravenous immunoglobulin, anticoagulation, and corticosteroids. Despite significant cardiovascular involvement in some cases, most patients recover without complications. However, long-term echocardiographic follow-up is essential, as coronary aneurysms have been documented. This narrative review examines the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, diagnostic criteria, and treatment strategies for MIS-C to enhance pediatricians' understanding of this emerging syndrome.

کلیدواژه ها:

Pediatrics ، MIS-C ، COVID-۱۹