The therapeutic, physicochemical, and pharmaceutical properties of the active compounds in Ammi visnaga: an in silico study

The flowering plant Ammi visnaga from the Apiaceae family is rich in secondary metabolites with established traditional benefits and promising therapeutic applications. Notable compounds include γ-pyrones (e.g., khellin and visnagin), coumarins, flavonols, isoflavones, and essential oils. These metabolites exhibit diverse pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-diabetic, anticoagulant, antioxidant, and neuroprotective activities. γ-Pyrones are particularly prominent in A. visnaga and have been linked to treatments for respiratory and cardiovascular conditions. Flavonols like quercetin, kaempferol, and rhamnetin contribute to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory profile, while isoflavones like genistein and daidzein possess phytoestrogenic properties, potentially reducing cancer risk and alleviating menopausal symptoms. The essential oils of A. visnaga are enriched with bioactive components like linalool and thymol, which provide aromatherapeutic benefits and antimicrobial properties. The study's comprehensive analysis of the physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacological effects of these metabolites using databases like PubChem and SwissADME highlights their potential for pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical applications. It is an in silico study. The high bioavailability of certain compounds suggests their suitability for oral formulations, and their potential to cross the blood-brain barrier may offer neuropharmacological opportunities. However, the presence of Pgp substrates and CYP inhibitors requires careful consideration to avoid drug interactions. The essential oils' antifungal and antibacterial properties indicate natural alternatives to synthetic treatments. The findings emphasize the importance of further research into the formulation of A. visnaga-derived natural medicines and the development of sustainable, economically viable synthesis methods.

کلیدواژه ها:

Ammi visnaga ، Visammin ، Coumarins ، Pharmaceutical preparations