Advancements in liposome-based vaccines: A comprehensive review of mechanisms and applications

Liposome-based vaccines represent a significant advancement in immunotherapy due to their versatile ability to encounter antigens and targeted ligands. These lipid vesicles offer enlarged immunogenity, prolonged antigen exposure, and low reactogenicity with their biocompatible and adaptable structure. By encountering therapeutic agents, liposomes protect the antigen from the decline and facilitate controlled release, which increases the vaccine stability and efficacy. Surface modifications of liposomes enable antigen display strategies that mimic natural immune responses, effectively engaging immune cells. It increases both humor and cellular immunity by activating the performance, combined with liposome-medieval delivery of the assistant, activating dendritic cells, macrophages, T cells and B cells. Liposomes also allow advanced techniques, such as covalent conjunctions, metal-chelating, lipid tail anchoring, antigen presentation, and immune cell engagement. Liposome size, surface charge, and lipidic structure are important in determining their interaction with immune cells and their role in the form of vaccine adjuvant-delivery systems. This review examines recent innovations in liposome-based vaccines, focusing on the mechanisms of antigen presentation, immune activation, and memory formation. The findings underlined the ability of liposomal platforms to work as the next generation vaccine technology, able to provide strong and permanent immune response.

کلیدواژه ها:

Liposome-based vaccines ، Antigen presentation ، Vaccine adjuvants ، Immune response ، Lipid vesicles ، immunogenicity