Preparation, Synthesis, and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite from Bovine Bones Through Alkaline Hydrothermal Method

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a biomaterial commonly used for bone replacements and scaffolds because of its similarity to natural bone. This paper presents a technique for extracting HA from bovine bones using an alkaline solution. The HA was synthesized from the cortical and cancellous parts of bovine femur bones using sodium hydroxide by an alkaline hydrothermal procedure. Fourier Transformed Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were employed to analyze the fresh bone, cortical HA, and cancellous HA. The lipid and protein contents were assessed using Kjeldahl method for protein and the Soxhlet extraction method for lipids. The amounts of calcium and phosphorus were determined using complexometric titration and a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The research acquired carbonated hydroxyapatite particles measuring less than ۲ µm in size, exhibiting a degree of crystallinity, and the crystallinity index of cortical HA is ۶۷% and ۱.۷۷۳. At the same time, cancellous HA is ۶۸% and ۱.۷۸۱. The use of FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques verified the properties. Through alkaline hydrothermal treatment, the removal of fat and protein led to the production of HA with a decrease of over ۹۹% in lipid and protein content. The Ca/P ratio of cancellous HA was determined to be ۱.۶۹, which is close to the stoichiometric Ca/P ratio of HA. The result suggests that the alkaline hydrothermal method was feasible to obtain carbonated hydroxyapatite from bovine bones.

کلیدواژه ها:

Hydroxyapatite ، Carbonated Hydroxyapatite ، Bovine bone ، Alkaline Hydrothermal