Cancer Incidence in Hemodialysis Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease

Background: The number of individuals undergoing dialysis is rising. Impaired renal function has been linked to a heightened risk of cancer. This study aimed to examine cancer incidence among hemodialysis (HD) patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed the medical records of individuals with newly diagnosed end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who initiated HD sessions between July ۲۰۱۸ and December ۲۰۲۳ at Urmia Imam Khomeini hospital. The data collected for this study included patient demographics, underlying diseases, malignancy status, and duration of malignancy (less than ten years, ۱۰–۲۰ years, and over ۲۰ years). The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS ۲۱. Results: The study included ۱۹۲ patients, with a mean age of ۶۴.۴۵±۱۳.۷۰ years. Of these, ۱۱۷ (۶۰.۹%) were male and ۷۵ (۳۹.۱%) were female. The majority of participants (۶۸.۸%) resided in urban areas. Hypertension (HTN) was the most common underlying disease (۲۵%), while ۳۲.۸% had no reported underlying conditions. Eighteen (۹.۴%) patients were diagnosed with malignancy, with multiple myeloma being the most prevalent type (۴۳.۴%). The remaining ۱۷۴ (۹۰.۶%) patients were not diagnosed with cancer. The onset of malignancy occurred within ten years for the majority of patients (۷۲.۲%). No significant association was found between the prevalence of malignancy and patients’ age (P<۰.۱۳۶) and gender (P<۰.۷۶۳). Conclusion: A significantly elevated incidence of cancer was observed in patients undergoing chronic HD for ESRD, underscoring the critical development of a targeted cancer screening strategy for this vulnerable population.