A Review Study on Improving Water Desalination Performance of Stepped Solar Still Using Nanofluids

Desalination makes up ۱% of worldwide water usage and is a process that requires a lot of energy, with most of the costs being due to energy usage. Additionally, currently, a large amount of the electricity is generated by conventional power plants that burn fossil fuels, leading to harmful greenhouse gas emissions and the release of concentrated brine into the environment, which is a serious environmental concern. Because of the significant effects of climate change, there is a great chance to create eco-friendly desalination methods to address problems like brine discharge, carbon emissions, and decreased energy use per unit of freshwater generated. The use of nanotechnology in nanofluids can significantly reduce energy consumption by improving heat transfer, leading to increased water production in desalination plants of the same size. Additionally, the concentrated brine discharge negatively impacts marine ecosystems, therefore, addressing this issue is essential to achieve sustainable desalination goals. Numerous research studies have been conducted in recent years on the use of nanotechnology in desalination, treating brine, and the impact of renewable energy on desalination. The objective of this paper is to examine the significant progress made in the area of nanotechnology for desalination. Moreover, there is a suggestion for creating a sustainable desalination system that combines solar thermal technology with nanofluids, in line with the cyclic economy model.

کلیدواژه ها:

Stepped Solar Still ، Desalination ، Nanofluids