Developing adaptive urban infrastructure models to increase resilience to extreme weather events caused by climate change

Climate change and its associated extreme weather events have posed unprecedented challenges to urban infrastructure systems worldwide. Traditional infrastructure models, which largely rely on historical climate data and static design paradigms, are increasingly proving inadequate to cope with the rising frequency and intensity of extreme events. In response, contemporary research has focused on developing adaptive urban infrastructure models designed to enhance resilience against the multifaceted impacts of climate-induced hazards. This review article synthesizes a wide range of studies spanning integrated modeling frameworks, simulation techniques, engineering innovations, and digital twin applications to address how adaptive strategies can improve urban resilience. The article critically assesses methods to couple physical infrastructure analysis with emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and digital twins, and evaluates the efficacy of traditional versus innovative approaches to urban planning. Special attention is given to frameworks that integrate interdependent systems analysis, risk-based performance assessment, and multicriteria decision support for infrastructure design, maintenance, and policy interventions. Furthermore, the review discusses the application of green and hybrid infrastructures, and examines the transformation of urban water, power, and transportation systems toward adaptive and resilient performance under climate stressors. The implications of these adaptive models are considered for both short-term crisis management and long-term sustainable urban development. By drawing on insights from simulation studies, quantitative assessments, and case studies from diverse urban settings, this review highlights critical gaps in the current methodologies and provides recommendations for future research directions. These include integrating high-resolution data with robust computational frameworks and fostering interdisciplinary collaborations among engineers, urban planners, policymakers, and community stakeholders. Ultimately, the review underscores that enhancing urban resilience amid climate uncertainty demands a paradigm shift in infrastructure design—a shift from reactive planning to proactive, adaptive, and continuously evolving resilience strategies.

کلیدواژه ها:

Urban resilience ، adaptive infrastructure ، climate change ، extreme weather events ، infrastructure modeling ، green infrastructure ، digital twins ، risk assessment ، multicriteria decision support ، interdependent systems