Protective Effects of Eugenol Against Iron Overload-induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Rats

Background: Nephrotoxicity is a term used to describe when the renal system suffers from reduced renal function due to both direct and indirect toxin damage caused by exposure to certain drugs.Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of eugenol against iron overload (IOL)-induced nephrotoxicity in male rats. Methods: Thirty rats were randomly divided into six equal groups: The first group, control negative C-, received intraperitoneal (IP) injection of distilled water. The second group, control positive C+, received iron dextran only at ۱۰۰ mg/kg body weight (BW) IP. The third and fourth groups (iron+eugenol [IE]۱ and IE۲) received iron dextran ۱۰۰ mg/kg BW IP and eugenol ۵۰,۱۰۰ mg/kg BW orally, respectively. The fifth and sixth groups (E۳ and E۴) received eugenol only at ۵۰ ۱۰۰ mg/kg BW orally.Results: The results revealed significant improvements in biomarkers and histological characteristics in rats treated with eugenol compared to those in the control group (C+). Rats treated with eugenol exhibited decreased levels of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), malondialdehyde (MDA), erythropoietin (EPO) and kidney injury molecule-۱ (KIM-۱), along with increased concentrations of glutathione (GSH). Microscopic examination of kidney tissue from the control (C-) and eugenol-treated (E۳ and E۴) groups showed typical histological features, indicating preserved kidney architecture. In contrast, the control group (C+) showed epithelial cell necrosis in the renal tubules and inflammatory processes, particularly in the glomeruli and interstitial sections of the proximal renal tubules. The (IE۱ and IE۲) groups exhibited varying degrees of renal damage, with IE۱ showing moderate epithelial cell necrosis and inflammation, while IE۲ displayed relatively normal cortical architecture with mild inflammatory changes in the medulla.Conclusion: Eugenol ameliorated IOL-induced nephrotoxicity in male rats.

کلیدواژه ها:

Eugenol ، Histopathology ، Iron overload (IOL) ، Kidney Score ، nephrotoxicity