Evaluating the Performance and Environmental Impact of Electric Vehicles with Old Battery Pack: A Well-to-Wheel Analysis

The transition from traditional internal combustion engine vehicles to electric vehicles is in progress. With their high energy density, low self-discharge rates, long cycle life, and absence of memory effects, lithium-ion batteries have become the primary power source for alternative vehicles. Throughout the battery's lifespan, its performance or health gradually deteriorates due to irreversible physical and chemical changes. Depending on the specific aging mechanisms, a battery may lose capacity or face increased internal resistance. Growing awareness of the importance of environmental protection and the potential implications associated with products and services has spurred interest in developing methods to better understand and address these impacts. Life cycle assessment is a method used to examine the environmental effects associated with all stages of product production. This study compares the operational conditions of an electric vehicle equipped with both new and old battery packs. The performance difference indicates that the vehicle with the aged battery has ۱۷% less capacity, operates over ۲۰% weaker in range, and its ohmic resistance increases by up to ۱۵۰%. From a well-to-wheel perspective, using an electric vehicle with an old battery could result in a ۲% increase in carbon dioxide emissions, reaching ۵۶.۶۳۸ g CO₂ equivalent per kilometer.

کلیدواژه ها:

Li-ion Battery Battery ، Aging ، Electrical Vehicle ، Life Cycle Assessment