A Comprehensive Review of Phase Change Materials and Their Application in Thermal Management Systems of Lithium-ion Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries hold great promise for addressing environmental and energy challenges, driving their increased adoption in electric vehicles. Their advantages include stability, high energy density, low self-discharge, and long lifespan. However, both high and low temperatures pose significant challenges. High temperatures can lead to thermal runaway and safety hazards such as short circuits and explosions, while low temperatures can promote the formation of lithium dendrites, resulting in degradation and performance issues. To mitigate these thermal challenges, phase change materials (PCMs) have emerged as a promising solution for battery thermal management systems (BTMS). This review provides a comprehensive overview of PCMs and their application in BTMS. We categorize PCMs used in BTMS based on their modified filler materials and functionalities, including carbon-based (carbon fiber-PCM composites, carbon nanotube-PCM composites, and expanded graphite-PCM composites), metal foam, metal mesh, and organic and inorganic materials. Both inorganic and carbon-based materials can serve as highly thermally conductive encapsulants and fillers for PCMs. Finally, we present a thorough review of recent research on the thermal properties of modified PCMs and their impact on BTMS performance, including a detailed discussion of PCM performance metrics and selection criteria.

کلیدواژه ها:

Lithium-ion battery ، Battery thermal management system ، Phase change material ، Electric vehicles