Non-Invasive Neuromodulation in Depression and Pain Management: A Review of Current Approaches

Depression is commonly associated with pain symptoms, and it appears that shared sensory pathways and neural circuits are the underlying factors for the co-occurrence of these two conditions. This connection may provide a theoretical basis and potential objectives for neuromodulation treatments. In recent years, various non-invasive neuromodulation techniques, including electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial electrical stimulation, transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation, light therapy, and transcranial ultrasonic stimulation, have rapidly advanced in the treatment of depression and pain symptoms. All these methods can offer novel therapeutic options for patients suffering from depression accompanied by pain symptoms. This article reviews recent advancements in this field that can serve as a suitable reference for future research and clinical practice.

کلیدواژه ها:

Depression ، pain symptoms ، sensory pathways ، neural circuits ، neuromodulation ، electroconvulsive therapy