The Gut Microbiome as a Modulator of Colorectal Cancer Risk: Insights into its Role and Potential Therapies

The gut microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining host health by regulating metabolic processes, immune responses, and adaptation to environmental changes. Alterations in microbial diversity, influenced by environmental factors, host age, and lifestyle, can lead to dysbiosis, which is associated with inflammatory bowel diseases, colorectal cancer (CRC), and other systemic disorders. Through its impact on cytokine production and immune regulation, the gut microbiome contributes to reducing inflammation and promoting overall well-being. Additionally, gut microorganisms influence the synthesis of essential metabolites, such as vitamins and neurotransmitters. Colorectal cancer, one of the most common malignancies worldwide, is linked to significant shifts in the gut microbiota. Specific bacterial strains, including Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas, are implicated in tumor progression. This review explores the role of the microbiome in CRC prevention and treatment, the therapeutic potential of probiotics and prebiotics in restoring microbial balance, and the enhancement of immune responses. Furthermore, it highlights the potential of microbiota-based therapies in clinical settings, offering insights into novel strategies for cancer prevention and management. These findings underscore the importance of microbiome research in advancing therapeutic approaches for colorectal cancer and improving patient outcomes.

کلیدواژه ها:

Gut Microbiome ، Colorectal Cancer ، Probiotics and Prebiotics ، Dysbiosis