Advancing Neurophysiology through Single-Cell Sequencing: Linking Molecular Profiles to Brain Function

Advancements in molecular biology, particularly single-cell sequencing, have revolutionized our understanding of neurophysiology by elucidating the cellular diversity and functional roles of neurons and glial cells in the brain. This paper explores the evolution of sequencing technologies—from first-generation Sanger sequencing to contemporary single-molecule approaches—and their transformative impact on neuroscience. Single-cell sequencing technologies, such as transcriptomics and epigenomics, enable comprehensive cellular profiling, revealing distinct morphologies, molecular identities, and physiological roles across brain regions. These methods have provided critical insights into neural circuits, synaptic plasticity, and the molecular mechanisms underlying neurophysiological processes. Further, innovations like Neuropixels probes and ex vivo tissue models bridge the gap between molecular data and network-level understanding, offering unprecedented resolution for studying human cognition, behavior, and neurological disorders. However, the integration of molecular biology with neurophysiology also highlights challenges, such as the ethical management of data, limitations in cell-type classification frameworks, and the technical barriers to replicating in vivo environments. This paper emphasizes the role of molecular profiling in advancing therapeutic strategies for diseases such as Alzheimer's, epilepsy, and Parkinson’s, by identifying cell-specific pathways for targeted treatments. By combining molecular biology with computational modeling, artificial intelligence, and multi-modal imaging, the future of neurophysiology promises new frontiers in understanding brain function and addressing neurological disorders with precision.

کلیدواژه ها:

Molecular biology ، Single-cell sequencing ، Neurophysiology ، Neural circuits ، Neurotherapeutics