A Review of Various Engineered Bioremediation Methods

Background: In the past two decades, recent advancements in bioremediation techniques have aimed to effectively restore contaminated environments with an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach. Indigenous microorganisms in contaminated environments hold the key to addressing many challenges related to the biodegradation and bioremediation of pollutants. This study reviews various bioremediation methods for removing pollutants from water and soil. Method: To find relevant materials for the present study, keywords and phrases such as bioremediation, pollutant, water, soil, indigenous microorganisms, bioaugmentation, and biostimulation were searched in electronic sources like NCBI, Science Direct, PubMed, Scholar Google, and SID. After reviewing existing studies, ۱۳ of the most relevant articles and one book from the period ۲۰۱۴ to ۲۰۲۴ were selected for the study. Findings: According to the conducted research, bioremediation and the use of natural adsorbents along with indigenous microorganisms capable of degrading various pollutants and removing them are of significant interest today. Although these methods may be time-consuming and require microorganisms to adapt to environmental conditions, they are recommended for water and soil pollution removal due to their high efficiency, biocompatibility, safety, cost-effectiveness, and availability compared to other existing methods. Additionally, strategies such as biostimulation and bioaugmentation can be employed to accelerate the bioremediation process by promoting the growth of degrading microorganisms. Conclusion: Bioremediation is crucial for removing petroleum-contaminated soils, organic materials, and their derivatives for environmental sustainability. However, many research results are not utilized in practice due to the complexity of microbial bioremediation. The effects of environmental factors and the nature of pollutants on the process's effectiveness must be addressed to overcome this challenge. It is clear that studying bioremediation and its practical applications are key directions in applied ecology.

کلیدواژه ها:

bioremediation ، water ، soil ، indigenous microorganisms ، bioaugmentation ، biostimulation