Investigating Genetic Factors Associated With Aging And Longevity

Aging in biology and physiology means a decrease in the process of analyzing information in the cell and gradual changes in the body's homeostatic adaptive responses. Aging is much more pronounced in cells that do not reproduce, such as muscle and nerve cells, because in tissues whose cells can reproduce, new cells are constantly produced and occupy the place of dead cells. The aging process in humans is influenced by mechanisms that occur in the nucleus of cells. The most important of these processes is the shortening of certain sections at the ends of human chromosomes called telomeres. Telomeres prevent the ends of human chromosomes from being damaged. These sequences are constantly repaired by an enzyme called telomerase. Telomerase enzyme activity is high in cells that produce sex gametes, but it is inactive in somatic cells. Telomere length shortens with each cell division. Human lifespan is influenced by genetics, environment, and lifestyle. Environmental improvements that began in the ۱۹۰۰s greatly increased average life expectancy by dramatically improving access to food and clean water, better housing and living conditions, reduced exposure to infectious diseases, and access to medical care. The most important of these were public health advances that reduced premature death by reducing the risk of infant mortality, increasing the chances of child survival, and avoiding infection and communicable diseases. In the United States, people now live to be over ۸۰ years old on average, but some people live even longer. The genetic theory of aging states that lifespan is largely determined by the genes we inherit. According to this theory, our lifespan is determined primarily at the moment of conception and depends largely on our parents and their genes.

کلیدواژه ها:

Lifespan ، genetics ، aging ، age ، longevity ، gender